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London Evening Standard
The ''London Evening Standard'' (simply the ''Evening Standard'' before May 2009) is a local, free daily newspaper, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format in London.
It is the dominant local/regional evening paper for London and the surrounding area, with coverage of national and international news and City of London finance. In October 2009, the paper ended a 180-year history of paid circulation and became a free newspaper, doubling its circulation as part of a change in its business plan.〔 ("London's 'Evening Standard' To Become Free Paper" ). ''Editor & Publisher''. 2 October 2009.〕
==History==
The newspaper was founded by barrister Stanley Lees Giffard on 21 May 1827, as the ''Standard''.〔("Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Nineteenth Century" ). British Library. 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2010.〕 The early owner of the paper was Charles Baldwin. Under the ownership of James Johnstone, ''The Standard'' became a morning paper from 29 June 1857. ''The Evening Standard'' was published from 11 June 1859. ''The Standard'' gained eminence for its detailed foreign news, notably its reporting of events of the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, all contributing to a rise in circulation.〔''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition; Cambridge University Press, 1911, Vol. XIX, Mun to Oddfellows; Article on Newspapers, pp.544–581.〕 By the end of the 19th century, the evening edition eclipsed its morning counterpart, which folded.
For most of the 20th century it was owned by Express Newspapers, which sold it in 1980 to bolster the ''Daily Star'' to Associated Newspapers Ltd. (a division of Daily Mail and General Trust, which also publishes the ''Daily Mail'', ''The Mail on Sunday'', and ''Metro'', a free morning paper distributed from Monday to Friday at London stations), being merged with the ''Evening News''. Until 1987 it was known as the ''Evening Standard-News'', when the ''Evening News'' was briefly revived to compete with Robert Maxwell's ''London Daily News''. Since 1988, the ''Evening News'' name survives as a byline of the ''Standard'' masthead.
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